Architectural Engineering

A Unit of the Durham School

Dr. Lily M. Wang:

Vranek Distinguished Scholar, Associate Professor of Architectural Engineering

Dr. Lily M. Wang

Click here to learn more about the University of Nebraska Acoustics Group
Member of Charles W. Durham School of Architectural Engineering & Construction

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Background:
Education:
Honors and Awards:
Professional Affiliations:
Publications:

Refereed Publications

Ryherd, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2008) "Implications of human performance and perception under tonal noise conditions on indoor noise criteria." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, 218-226.
Wang, L. M. and J. Rathsam. (2007) "The influence of absorption factors on the sensitivity of a virtual room's sound field to scattering coefficients." Accepted for publication in Appl. Acs.
Wang, L. M. and M. C. Vigeant. (2007) "Evaluations of output from room acoustic computer modeling and auralization due to different sound source directionalities." Accepted for publication in Appl. Acs.
Ryherd, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Effects of exposure duration and type of task on subjective performance and perception in noise." Noise Control Engr. J. 55(3), 334-347.
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Comparison of measured and computer-modeled objective parameters for an existing coupled volume concert hall." J. Bldg. Acs. 14(2), 79-90.
Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Verifying two commercial software implementations of impulse-response-based speech intelligibility measurements." Appl. Acs. 68(7), 717-728.
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "The effects of simple coupled volume geometry on the objective and subjective results from non-exponential decay." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1480-1490.
Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Relating human productivity and annoyance to indoor noise criteria systems: a low frequency analysis." The 2005 ASHRAE Winter Meeting Transactions, Orlando, 111, pt. 1, 684-692.
Wang, L. M. and E. E. Bowden. (2003) "Performance review of indoor noise criteria." Proceedings of the 2003 Architectural Engineering Institute Conference, Austin, TX.
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (2002) "Comparison of radiated power from structurally different violins." Catgut Acoust. Soc. J. 4 (6), 65-72.
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (2001) "Acoustic radiation from bowed violins." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 543-555.
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (1999) "Directivity patterns of acoustic radiation from bowed violins." Catgut Acoust. Soc. J. 3 (7), 7-15.

Other Publications/Presentations

Philipp, N. and L. M. Wang. (2008) "Measurements of existing modular construction classroom acoustics in the Midwestern United States." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 3355(A).
Rathsam, J., L. M. Wang, J. H. Rindel and C. L. Christensen. (2008) "An improved low frequency radiation model for finite sound reflectors." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 2982(A).
Ronsse, L. M. and L. M. Wang. (2008) "Effects of a hearing aid noise management feature on user perception and performance under noise." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 3449(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2008) "Auralization of an orchestra with phase-shifted string sections." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 3568(A).
Ronsse, L. M. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Perception and performance of hearing-impaired versus normal-hearing persons under noise." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 3049(A).
Wagner, A. J. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Residential wall construction transmission losses and home office productivity." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 3049(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Investigations of multi-channel auralization technique for various orchestra configurations, with phase-shifted string sections." Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Room Acoustics, Seville, Spain, September 2007.
Rathsam, J. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Scattered responses from suspended reflector panels with rounded edges." Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on Acoustics, Madrid, Spain, September 2007.
Vigeant, M.C., L. M. Wang and J. H. Rindel. (2007) "Investigations of multi-channel auralization technique for solo instruments and orchestra." Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on Acoustics, Madrid, Spain, September 2007.
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Validation study of computer modeling of source directivity." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 3174(A). Student Paper Award in Architectural Acoustics, 1st Place
Rathsam, J., L. Wang, J. H. Rindel, and C. L. Christensen. (2007) "Reflector responses: a comparison between ODEON's modified ray tracing algorithm and a filtered boundary element method model." DAGA 2007, Stuttgart, March 2007.
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2006) "Absorption and aperture size effects on subjective response to complex computer modeled coupled volume systems." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3011(A).
Miller, G., R. Talaske, B. Harrison, E. Way, L. Wang, D. Bradley, and C. Johnson. (2006) "The Jay Pritzker Music Pavilion at Millenium Park, part 2: Research and testing." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3053(A).
Rathsam, J. and L. M. Wang. (2006) "Spatial coverage of reflector panels predicted with and without edge diffraction." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3187(A). Student Paper Award in Architectural Acoustics, 1st Place
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2006) "Auralization of an orchestra using multichannel and multisource technique." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3009(A). Student Paper Award in Architectural Acoustics, 2nd Place
Svensson, C., L. M. Wang, and T. Kirchner. (2006) "Classroom acoustics workshop." Ecophon International Acoustician Seminar, Helsingborg, Sweden, September 2006.
Patel, S. and L. M. Wang. (2006) "Quantifying roof noise on three different room structures." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 3322(A).
Vigeant, M. C., L. M. Wang and J. H. Rindel. (2006) "Effects of changing the amount of absorption in a computer model of Queen's Hall, Copenhagen, Denmark." Proceedings of the 2006 Institute of Acoustics Conference on Auditorium Acoustics.
Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Evaluations of indoor noise criteria systems based on human response." Invited paper presented at 150th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Minneapolis, October 2005. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1843(A). Student Paper Award in Architectural Acoustics, 2nd Place
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Determining the effects of absorption and aperture size on sound decay in a complex coupled volume system." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1971(A). Student Paper Award in Architectural Acoustics, 1st Place
Rathsam, J., L. M. Wang and R. T. Torres. (2005) "A narrow-band analysis of reflected magnitude and phase from six reflector panel arrays." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1999(A).
Ryherd, S. R. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Acoustical prediction methods for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1976(A). Outstanding Young Presenter Award in Noise
Wang, L. M., J. Rathsam, C. L. Christensen and J. H. Rindel. (2005) "Sound-pressure level distribution in a long, narrow hallway: Measurements versus results from a computer model with scattering from surface roughness and diffraction." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1998(A).
Rathsam, J., L. M. Wang and R. R. Torres. (2005) "Effect of incidence angle and panel size on the phase of scattered energy from panel arrays." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2499(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Subjective evaluation of auralizations created from multi-channel anechoic recordings of a talker in motion." Invited paper presented at 149th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Vancouver, Canada, May 2005. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2465(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Subjective impression of differences in realism, source width, and orientation between auralizations created from multi-channel anechoic recordings." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2581(A).
Wang, L. M. (2005) "The elements of a comprehensive education for future architectural acousticians." Invited paper presented at 149th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Vancouver, Canada, May 2005. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2388(A).
Bowden, E. E., J. Rathsam and L. M. Wang. (2004) "A verification of computer modelling predictions of speech intelligibility." Invited paper presented at 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2637(A).
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "Comparison of real world measurements and computer model results for a dedicated coupled volume system." Invited paper presented at 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2552(A).
McAtee, P.R. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "Measurements of room effects on digital simulations of a concert hall sound field." Invited paper presented at 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2530(A).
Vigeant, M. C., L. M. Wang and J. H. Rindel. (2004) "Differences in directional sound source behaviour and perception between assorted computer room models." Invited paper presented at 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2485(A).
Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "Relating human productivity and annoyance to indoor noise criteria systems." Invited paper presented at 75th Anniversary Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, New York City, May 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2370(A).
Moscoso, R. A., L. M. Wang and A. Musser. (2004) "A review of the combined effects of thermal and noise conditions on human performance." Invited paper presented at 75th Anniversary Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, New York City, May 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2369(A).
Rathsam, J. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "Sensitivity of room acoustic parameters to changes in scattering coefficients." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2515(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "An evaluation of differences due to changing source directivity in room acoustic computer modelling." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2516(A).
Walsh, E. J., D. R. Ketten, J. Arruda, D. L. Armstrong, T. Curro, L. G. Simmons, L. M. Wang, and J. McGee. (2004). "Temporal bone anatomy in Panthera tigris." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2485(A).
Wang, L. M. and M. E. Rudd. (2004) "Apparatus for studying wave motion and sound at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln's 'Historical Scientific Instrument Gallery'." Invited paper presented at 75th Anniversary Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, New York City, May 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2491(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "Objective and subjective evaluation of the use of directional sound sources in auralizations." 18th International Congress on Acoustics, Kyoto, Japan, April 2004.
Wang, L. M., J. Rathsam and S. R. Ryherd. (2004) "Interactions of model detail level and scattering coefficients in room acoustic computer simulation." International Symposium on Room Acoustics: Design and Science, Hyogo, Japan, April 2004.
Bowden, E. E., L. M. Wang and M. S. Palahanska. (2003) "Correlation of subjective and objective measures of speech intelligibility." Invited paper presented at 146th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2306(A).
Jeon, J.Y., J. K. Ryu and L. M. Wang. (2003) "Psychoacoustical Evaluation of the Noises in Interior Residential Spaces." Inter-Noise 2003: the 32nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Jeju International Convention Center, Seogwipo, Korea, August 25-28, 2003.
Wang, L. M. (2003) "Tying Architectural Acoustics Research to the Real World." Concert Hall Research Group Summer Institute 2003, Saratoga Springs, August 2003.
Walsh, E., L. M. Wang, D. L. Armstrong, T. Curro, L. G. Simmons, J. McGee. (2003) "Acoustic Characterization of Tigers." 1st Conference on Animal Communication.
Wang, L. M. (2003) "Acoustics in Architecture and Engineering: A View from the Bridge." Invited paper for Teaching and Scholarship in the Grand Tradition of Modern Engineering: A Symposium in Honor of David P. Billington at 75 and 45 Years of Teaching at Princeton University. Princeton University, May 2003.
Walsh, E., L. M. Wang, Douglas L. Armstrong, Thomas Curro, Lee G. Simmons, JoAnn McGee. (2003) "Acoustic Communication in Panthera tigris: A Study of Tiger Vocalization and Auditory Receptivity." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2275(A).
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2003) "Relating double slope decay in coupled volumes with volume ratio, absorption ratio, and aperture size." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2188(A).
Wang, L. M. (2003) "Teaching architectural acoustics to students of engineering versus students of architecture." Invited paper presented at 145th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2304(A).
Wang, L. M. and J. M. Hall. (2002) "Concerthalls.org: a webpage for architectural acoustics education." Invited paper presented at 144th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2344(A).
Bowden, E. E., L. M. Wang and D. T. Bradley. (2002) "Classroom acoustics in Omaha, Nebraska: measurements and outreach." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2430(A).
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2002) "Effect of model detail level on room acoustic computer simulations." Invited paper presented at 143rd meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 2389(A).
Sheets, N. W. and L. M. Wang. (2002) "Effects of sound source directivity on auralizations." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 2331(A).
Wang, L. M. (2001) "Perceived spatial impression from various musical motifs." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 2285(A).
Rock, J. L. and L. M. Wang. (2001) "Objective measurements in Strauss Recital Hall at the University of Nebraska." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 2343(A).
Wang, L. M. and A. C. Gade. (2000) "Subjective relevance of objective measures for spatial impression." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 2891(A).
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (2000) "Visualization of violin sound radiation results from multi-planar nearfield acoustic holography." Invited paper presented at 139th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 2842(A).
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (1999) " A tale of three violins: comparison of radiation mechanisms measured with nearfield acoustic holography." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 1328(A).
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (1998) " Radiation mechanisms of a violin with known modal characteristics." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 2916(A).
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (1996) " Nearfield acoustic holography measurements of the acoustic radiation from violins." Invited paper presented at 132nd meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 2654(A).
Wang, L. M. and C. Burroughs. (1996) " Measuring the radiation from a violin using an open-frame mechanical bowing machine." Invited paper presented at 131st meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 2502(A).
Wang, L. M. and G. W. Elko. (1995) " The effect of transducer size on attenuating flow-induced noise in microphones." AT&T Technical Memorandum BL0112270-950713-06TM.
Wang, L. M. and D. P. Billington. (1994) " A study of fabric tension membrane structures as music pavilions." Proceedings: Wallace Clement Sabine Centennial Symposium, Acoustical Society of America, 327-330.

Courses:

I teach the following courses on architectural acoustics topics:

1. ARCH 334 Building Environment Technical Systems II (Spring 2007)
This course, designed for College of Architecture students, covers lighting and acoustical systems for buildings. (Click here for ARCH 334 syllabus in PDF format.)

2. AE 3300 Building Acoustics Fundamentals (Fall 2007)
An introduction to the acoustics of buildings. Topics include the fundamentals of sound generation, propagation, and measurement; human hearing; acoustic properties of materials and constructions; basic room acoustics; and noise control. (Click here for AE 3300 syllabus in PDF format.)

3. AE 4300/8300 Advanced Noise Control (Spring 2008)
Topics include characterizing simple acoustic sources; use and measurement of sound power and intensity; HVAC system noise control; muffling devices; active noise control; acoustic enclosures and barriers; vibration control; and sound-structure interaction. (Click here for AE 4300/8300 syllabus in PDF format.)

4. AE *8330 Advanced Architectural Acoustics (Fall 2007)
This course involves the advanced study of the behavior of sound in rooms; design of acoustical spaces; measurement techniques; physical and computational modeling; and introduction to sound reinforcement in rooms. (Click here for AE *8330 syllabus in PDF format.)

5. AE *8350 Electroacoustics (Spring 2008)
This course covers electrical-mechanical-acoustical circuit analogies; transducers, including loudspeakers, microphones, and accelerometers; directivity; calibration techniques; and sound reinforcement system design for rooms. (Click here for AE *8350 syllabus in PDF format.)

6. AE 9300 Current Topics in Architectural Acoustics (Fall 2005)
A review of current research in architectural acoustics. Topics may include objective versus subjective measures in performance spaces, electronic enhancement of rooms, advanced computational modeling techniques, and auralization. (Click here for AE 9300 syllabus in PDF format. )

Research Projects:

Indoor Noise Criteria
Currently ANSI standard S12.2-1995 recommends the use of Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB) and Room Criteria (RC) to rate the background noise levels of rooms. These methods provide information about the sound level (is it too loud?) and sound quality (is it annoying?). However, the standardized procedures are imperfect because they do not sufficiently differentiate between certain sound spectra. Other ratings have consequently been proposed, such as RC Mark II and Room Noise Criteria (RNC). These more recent suggestions are based on experience; very little data exists which correlate these criteria to actual subjective perception. We are completing such a study. Additionally, current criteria may be inappropriate for modern HVAC systems, particularly those which exhibit tonal (particularly at low frequencies) and time-varying components. Such complex spectra are included in our research. We hope to determine how best to account for these complexities. (Funded by ASHRAE and UNL Layman Award)

Ryherd, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2008) "Implications of human performance and perception under tonal noise conditions on indoor noise criteria." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, 218-226.
Ryherd, E. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Effects of exposure duration and type of task on subjective performance and perception in noise." Noise Control Engr. J. 55(3), 334-347.
Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Evaluations of indoor noise criteria systems based on human response." Invited paper presented at 150th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Minneapolis, October 2005. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1843(A).
Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "OR-05-6-4 Relating human productivity and annoyance to indoor noise criteria systems: a low frequency analysis." The 2005 Winter Meeting Transactions, Orlando, 111, pt. 1, 684-692.
Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "Relating human productivity and annoyance to indoor noise criteria systems." Invited paper presented at 75th Anniversary Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, New York City, May 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2370(A).
Moscoso, R. A., L. M. Wang and A. Musser. (2004) "A review of the combined effects of thermal and noise conditions on human performance." Invited paper presented at 75th Anniversary Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, New York City, May 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2369(A).
Wang, L. M. and E. E. Bowden. (2003) "Performance review of indoor noise criteria." Proceedings of the 2003 Architectural Engineering Institute Conference, Austin, TX.

Coupled Rooms
Coupled volumes may lead to the phenomenon known as double-slope decay, which can produce desired acoustic qualities within a space. The effect of double-slope decay in complex shapes with complex coupling apertures has not been researched adequately, though. Our research goal is to understand coupled volumes more fully by analyzing the factors that create the double-slope decay, including coupled volume size, main volume size, aperture size, and the ratio of absorption between the two spaces. The work is primarily being studied through computer modeling and from measurements in real halls. (Funded by Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship, the Acoustical Society of America Graduate Fellowship for Minorities, and UNL Layman Award)

Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Comparison of measured and computer-modeled objective parameters for an existing coupled volume concert hall." J. Bldg. Acs. 14(2), 79-90.
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2006) "Absorption and aperture size effects on subjective response to complex computer modeled coupled volume systems." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3011(A).
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Determining the effects of absorption and aperture size on sound decay in a complex coupled volume system." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1971(A).
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2005). "The effects of simple coupled volume geometry on the objective and subjective results from non-exponential decay." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1480-1490.
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2004). "Comparison of real world measurements and computer model results for a dedicated coupled volume system." Invited paper presented at 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2552(A).
Bradley, D. T. and L. M. Wang. (2003). "Relating double slope decay in coupled volumes with volume ratio, absorption ratio, and aperture size." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2188(A).

Auralizations Using Directional Sources in Computer Modeling of Room Acoustics
Auralization refers to the simulation of the sound field from a modeled/virtual environment. Our acoustics group is primarily interested in auralizations from computer models. Does the addition of realistic directional sources in computer modeling affect perception of auralized sound fields? How can we incorporate time-variant source directionality into auralizations? More recently we are exploring the use of multi-channel anechoic recordings, developed at the Technical University of Denmark. (Funded by NSF CAREER Award, ASHRAE Gradate Grant-in-Aid, and UNL UCARE Grants)

Wang, L. M. and M. C. Vigeant. (2007) "Evaluations of output from room acoustic computer modeling and auralization due to different sound source directionalities." Accepted for publication in Appl. Acs.
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Investigations of Multi-channel Auralization Technique for Various Orchestra Configurations, with Phase-shifted String Sections." Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Room Acoustics, Seville, Spain, September 2007.
Vigeant, M.C., L. M. Wang and J. H. Rindel. (2007) "Investigations of Multi-channel Auralization Technique for Solo Instruments and Orchestra." Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on Acoustics, Madrid, Spain, September 2007.
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Validation study of computer modeling of source directivity." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 3174(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2006) "Auralization of an orchestra using multichannel and multisource technique." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3009(A).
Vigeant, M. C., L. M. Wang and J. H. Rindel. (2006) "Effects of changing the amount of absorption in a computer model of Queen's Hall, Copenhagen, Denmark." Proceedings of the 2006 Institute of Acoustics Conference on Auditorium Acoustics, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Subjective evaluation of auralizations created from multi-channel anechoic recordings of a talker in motion." Invited paper presented at 149th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Vancouver, Canada, May 2005. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2465(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2005) "Subjective impression of differences in realism, source width, and orientation between auralizations created from multi-channel anechoic recordings." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2581(A).
Vigeant, M. C., L. M. Wang and J. H. Rindel. (2004) "Differences in directional sound source behaviour and perception between assorted computer room models." Invited paper presented at 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2485(A).
Vigeant, M. C. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "An evaluation of differences due to changing source directivity in room acoustic computer modelling." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2516(A).
Wang, L. M. and M. C. Vigeant. (2004) "Objective and subjective evaluation of the use of directional sound sources in auralizations." 18th International Congress on Acoustics, Kyoto, Japan, April 2004.
Sheets, Nathan W. and Lily M. Wang. (2002) "Effects of sound source directivity on auralizations." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 2331(A).

Scattering in Architectural Acoustics
How important are scattering phenomenon in the prediction and perception of sound fields? How can they be characterized and modeled in computer simulations? (Funded by NSF CAREER Award)

Wang, L. M. and J. Rathsam. (2007) "The influence of absorption factors on the sensitivity of a virtual room's sound field to scattering coefficients." Accepted for publication in Appl. Acs.
Rathsam, J. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "Scattered Responses from Suspended Reflector Panels with Rounded Edges." Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on Acoustics, Madrid, Spain, September 2007.
Rathsam, J., L. Wang, J. H. Rindel, and C. L. Christensen. (2007) "Reflector responses: a comparison between ODEON's modified ray tracing algorithm and a filtered boundary element method model." DAGA 2007, Stuttgart, March 2007.
Rathsam, J. and L. M. Wang. (2006) "Spatial coverage of reflector panels predicted with and without edge diffraction." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3187(A).
Rathsam, J., L. M. Wang and R. T. Torres. (2005) "A narrow-band analysis of reflected magnitude and phase from six reflector panel arrays." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1999(A).
Wang, L. M., J. Rathsam, C. L. Christensen and J. H. Rindel. (2005) "Sound-pressure level distribution in a long, narrow hallway: Measurements versus results from a computer model with scattering from surface roughness and diffraction." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 1998(A).
Rathsam, J., L. M. Wang and R. R. Torres. (2005) "Effect of incidence angle and panel size on the phase of scattered energy from panel arrays." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2499(A).
Rathsam, J. and L. M. Wang. (2004) "Sensitivity of room acoustic parameters to changes in scattering coefficients." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2515(A).
Wang, L. M., J. Rathsam and S. R. Ryherd. (2004) "Interactions of model detail level and scattering coefficients in room acoustic computer simulation." International Symposium on Room Acoustics: Design and Science, Hyogo, Japan, April 2004.

Level of Model Detail in Computer Modeling of Room Acoustics
There are a number of commercially available software which may be used to model performance spaces (Odeon, Catt-Acoustic). These programs are useful in discerning major problems in a space; however, the exact sound field is not created because the programs make certain assumptions and simplifications. How accurate are results from computer modeling compared to the real world? How does the level of model detail affect the accuracy? (Funded by UNL Research Council Faculty Seed Grant)

Wang, L. M., J. Rathsam and S. R. Ryherd. (2004) "Interactions of model detail level and scattering coefficients in room acoustic computer simulation." International Symposium on Room Acoustics: Design and Science, Hyogo, Japan, April 2004.
Bradley, David T. and Lily M. Wang. (2002) "Effect of model detail level on room acoustic computer simulations." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 2389(A).

Speech Intelligibility
How well do measurement programs and computer modeling simulations predict the speech intelligibility in rooms? (Funded by the Nebraska Center for Building Integration and UNL Layman Award)

Bowden, E. E. and L. M. Wang. (2007) "A verification of impulse-response-based software predictions of speech intelligibility." Appl. Acs. 68(7), 717-728.
Bowden, E. E., J. Rathsam and L. M. Wang. (2004) "A verification of computer modelling predictions of speech intelligibility." Invited paper presented at 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2004. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2637(A).
Bowden, E. E., L. M. Wang and M. S. Palahanska. (2003) "Correlation of subjective and objective measures of speech intelligibility." Invited paper presented at 146th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2306(A).

Classroom Acoustics
Improving classroom acoustics across the United States is a hot topic in the architectural acoustics community. Noisy classrooms can impede learning for children with hearing impairment or learning disabilities, young students or non-native speakers. What can be done to better the acoustic conditions in an economically feasible manner? How do current classrooms compare against the recently implemented ANSI standard S12-60-2002? (Funded by UNL Layman Award)

Svensson, C., L. M. Wang, and T. Kirchner. (2006) "Classroom acoustics workshop." Ecophon International Acoustician Seminar, Helsingborg, Sweden, September 2006.
Bowden, E. E., L. M. Wang and D. T. Bradley. (2002) "Classroom acoustics in Omaha, Nebraska: measurements and outreach." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2430(A).

Spatial Impression in Concert Halls: Objective Measures Versus Subjective Evaluations
Objective measures provide a way to quantify subjective qualities in performance spaces and compare the performance between rooms. Although some measures, such as Reverberation Time (RT60), have been documented to match their perceived subjective quality very well, others still require more research. One of these is the listener envelopment aspect of spatial impression. Various researchers have come up with a number of objective measures to quantify this, such as lateral energy fraction, interaural cross-correlation coefficient, and late lateral level. I am interested in performing subjective experiments to learn more about how these objective measures interact, about human psychoacoustics, and to develop a more accurate measure, if necessary.

Wang, Lily M. (2001) "Perceived spatial impression from various musical motifs." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 2285(A).
Wang, Lily M. and Anders C. Gade. (2000) "Subjective relevance of objective measures for spatial impression." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 2891(A).

Vocalizations from Tigers
This research project is being run in collaboration with Dr. Ed Walsh and Dr. Joann McGee from Boystown National Research Hospital, and Doug Armstrong, Thomas Curro, and Lee Simmons from the Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo. Click here for a layman paper on our work.

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Vranek Distinguished Scholar, Associate Professor of Architectural Engineering